Does vertical temperature gradient of the atmosphere matter for El Niño development?

Hu, Z. -Z., Huang, B., Tseng, Y. -heng, Wang, W., Kumar, A., Zhu, J., & Jha, B. (2017). Does vertical temperature gradient of the atmosphere matter for El Niño development? Climate Dynamics, 48, 1413-1429. doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3149-9

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