Quantitative parameterization of turbulent collision of cloud droplets represents a major unsolved problem in cloud physics. Here a hybrid direct simulation tool is used specifically to quantify the turbulent enhancement of the gravitational collision-coalescence. Simulation results show that air... Show moreQuantitative parameterization of turbulent collision of cloud droplets represents a major unsolved problem in cloud physics. Here a hybrid direct simulation tool is used specifically to quantify the turbulent enhancement of the gravitational collision-coalescence. Simulation results show that air turbulence can enhance the collision kernel by an average factor of about 2, and the observed trends are supported by scaling arguments. An impact study using the most realistic collection kernel suggests that cloud turbulence can significantly reduce the time for warm rain initiation. Areas for further development of the hybrid simulation and the impact study are indicated. Show less
