Ek, M. B. (2016). Land Surface Hydrological Models. In Q. Duan, F. Pappenberger, A. Wood, H. L. Cloke, & J. C. Schaake (Eds.), Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting (p. 42 pp). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40457-3_24-1
The details of land-surface models (LSMs) are presented here from the perspective of providing the proper boundary condition to and interaction with a âparentâ atmospheric model. Topics include atmospheric forcing to LSMs, land data sets, surface-layer turbulence, surface fluxes and energy an... Show moreThe details of land-surface models (LSMs) are presented here from the perspective of providing the proper boundary condition to and interaction with a âparentâ atmospheric model. Topics include atmospheric forcing to LSMs, land data sets, surface-layer turbulence, surface fluxes and energy and water budgets, land-surface physics, and the role of the land states and surface fluxes in local land-atmosphere interaction. Connections of LSMs with hydrological models (e.g., saturated zone or groundwater, and streamflow or river-routing) and land data assimilation are outside the scope of this chapter. Show less
