Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884

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Judah Philip Benjamin, QC (August 6, 1811 – May 6, 1884) was a lawyer and politician who was a United States Senator from Louisiana, a Cabinet officer of the Confederate States and, after his escape to the United Kingdom at the end of the American Civil War, an English barrister. Benjamin was the first Jew to hold a Cabinet position in North America and the first to be elected to the United States Senate who had not renounced his faith.

Benjamin was born to Sephardic Jewish parents from London, who had moved to St. Croix in the Danish West Indies when it was occupied by Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. Seeking greater opportunities, his family immigrated to the United States, eventually settling in Charleston, South Carolina. Judah Benjamin attended Yale College but left without graduating. He moved to New Orleans, where he read law and passed the bar.

Benjamin rose rapidly both at the bar and in politics. He became a wealthy planter and slaveowner and was elected to and served in both houses of the Louisiana legislature prior to his election by the legislature to the US Senate in 1852. There, he was an eloquent supporter of slavery. After Louisiana seceded in 1861, Benjamin resigned as senator and returned to New Orleans.

He soon moved to Richmond after Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him as Attorney General. Benjamin had little to do in that position, but Davis was impressed by his competence and appointed him as Secretary of War. Benjamin firmly supported Davis, and the President reciprocated the loyalty by promoting him to Secretary of State in March 1862, while Benjamin was being criticized for the rebel defeat at the Battle of Roanoke Island.

As Secretary of State, Benjamin attempted to gain official recognition for the Confederacy by France and the United Kingdom, but his efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. To preserve the Confederacy as military defeats made its situation increasingly desperate, he advocated freeing and arming the slaves late in the war, but his proposals were only partially accepted in the closing month of the war. When Davis fled the Confederate capital of Richmond in early 1865, Benjamin went with him. He left the presidential party and was successful in escaping from the mainland United States, but Davis was captured by Union troops. Benjamin sailed to Great Britain, where he settled and became a barrister, again rising to the top of his profession before retiring in 1883. He died in Paris the following year.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Jefferson Davis Papers (#206-z), ca. 1853-1902 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. ALS, 1861 January 17 : Senate Chamber [Washington, D.C.] to John Sherman. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
creatorOf Jackson, Henry R. (Henry Rootes), 1820-1898. Henry Rootes Jackson scrapbook, ca. 1860.
referencedIn Henry Bohlen Confederate Letters, 1862
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin letter, 1853 Dec. 16. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn William P. Palmer collection [microform] 1861-1865. Georgia Historical Society
referencedIn Reese, John Lewis, Papers University of West Florida Libraries
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Papers, 1827-1871. Library of Congress
referencedIn Hawes, R. (Richard), 1797-1877. Richard Hawes papers, 1826-1877, 1826-1865 (bulk dates). University of Kentucky Libraries
referencedIn Milton, John, 1807-1865. John Milton letter book and correspondence, 1861-1863. Florida Historical Society
referencedIn George Nicholas Sanders Family Papers, 1833-1973, (bulk 1833-1900) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Fletcher, John, 1791-1862. John Fletcher letter of recommendation, 1861 Dec. 16. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn McLeod, H. A. The escape of Judah P. Benjamin. Manatee County Public Library System
referencedIn Milton, John, 1807-1865. Letterbook and correspondence, 1861-1863. Tebeau-Field Library of Florida History
referencedIn Evans, Eli N. Eli N. Evans papers, 1965-2008. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Huger, Benjamin, 1805-1877. Papers of Benjamin Huger, 1780-1877 (bulk 1821-1877). University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Frank E. Holman papers, 1908-1967, 1940-1967 University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
creatorOf Castleman, John Breckinridge, 1841-1918. John Breckinridge Castleman collection, 1854-1911. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Tazewell family. Papers, 1756-1931. Library of Virginia
creatorOf Vol. I (ff. 168). Abel -Bentley.includes:f. 1 Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, Baronet; FRS: Letter to T. H. S. Escott from Sir Frederick Augustus Abel: 1883.f. 3 Francis Adams, solicitor, of Birmingham: Letter to T. H. S. Escott from Francis Adams:... British Library
referencedIn Holman, Frank E. (Frank Ezekiel), b. 1886. Frank E. Holman papers, 1908-1967 (bulk 1940-1967). University of Washington. Libraries
creatorOf Richey, Samuel W.,. Samuel W. Richey Confederate Collection, 1805-1936, (bulk 1861-1865). Miami University Libraries, King Library
referencedIn Photographic Portrait File The Huntington Library
referencedIn Inventory of the Everette B. Long Papers 1949-1981 Cushing Memorial Library,
creatorOf Polignac, Camille de, b. 1832. [Letters, 1844-1867] [microform]. Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
creatorOf William L. Clements Library. Jefferson Davis collection, 1861-1865. William L. Clements Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Letter from London to Augustus Winson Bradford [manuscript] 21 Feb. 1866. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884,. Letters : from James P. Holcombe and C. C. Clay, Jr. [stats], 1864. Houghton Library
referencedIn Business papers and legal documents of the Seay family of Richmond, Virginia and Caroline County, Virginia, probably for a country store [manuscript] 1840-1900. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Alexander, John F. John F. Alexander letter, 1861 [manuscript]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Grima family papers Tulane University, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library
creatorOf Bishop, Albert Webb, 1832 -1901,. Civil War papers of the governor of Arkansas, 1860-1865. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
referencedIn Autograph File, B, ca.1500-1982 Houghton Library
referencedIn Confederate States of America. Dept. of State. Confederate States of America Dept. of State records, 1863-1865. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn Thomas Oliver Selfridge Papers, 1809-1927, (bulk 1809-1870) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884. Correspondence and subject file, 1788-1939. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
creatorOf Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889. Ambrose Dudley Mann letters, 1850-1889. Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. ALS, 1861 December 2 : Richmond, [VA], to Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884,. Papers of the Willis family [manuscript], 1758-1892. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Coffin, Charles Carleton, 1823-1896. Charles Carleton Coffin papers, 1861-1890. New England Historic Genealogical Society
creatorOf Daniel, John W. (John Warwick), 1842-1910. Papers, 1849-1910 (inclusive), 1865-1910 (bulk). Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Thompson, Sharyn M. E. Judah P. Benjamin. Manatee County Public Library System
creatorOf Lovell, Mansfield, 1822-1884. Papers of Mansfield Lovell, 1835-1886 (bulk 1862-1865). Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn Miller, Laura Benjamin, collector. Laura Benjamin Miller collection on Judah P. Benjamin, 1862, 1983. College of Charleston, Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library
creatorOf Mason, J. M. (James Murray), 1798-1871. James Murray Mason Papers, 1838-1870. Michigan State University Libraries, Main Library
referencedIn Dye, Dewey A., 1898-1969. Judah P Benjamin. Manatee County Public Library System
referencedIn Hammond, Isaac, 1841-1915. Isaac Hammond Collection, 1839-1875 Library of Virginia
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin letter, 1873. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884,. Papers of the Grinnan family of Brampton, Madison Co., Va. 1773 (1843-1937) 1981. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Letter to J.A. McHatton, 1866 June 8. Emory University, Gamma Project
referencedIn Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863. Stonewall Jackson papers, 1842-1898 (bulk 1861-1862) [manuscript]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Dabney family. Papers of the Dabney family, 1718-1936. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Henry Bohlen Confederate letters 1862. Florida State University
creatorOf Benjamin, Judah P., 1811-1884. Letter, 1854. Alabama Department of Archives and History
creatorOf Johnston, Albert Sidney, 1803-1862. Papers, 1861. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Alabama. Governor (1861-1863 : Shorter). Administrative files, 1861-1863. Alabama Department of Archives and History
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1836 Oct. 13. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn Letcher, Robert Perkins, 1788-1861. Robert Perkins Letcher papers, 1844-1853. Kentucky Historical Society, Martin F. Schmidt Research Library
referencedIn Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893. Papers of the Harrison family [manuscript] 1720-1960. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Confederate States of America Records, 1854-1889, (bulk 1861-1865) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Judah Philip Benjamin Correspondence, 1850-1866 Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
referencedIn Confederate States of America collection, 1861-1865 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863. Papers, 1846-1932. Virginia Historical Society Library
referencedIn T. O. Selfridge Papers, 1852-1926, (bulk 1858-1880) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Great Britain. Consulate (Savannah, Ga.). Great Britain Consulate papers, 1859-1866. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn New Orleans (La.). Office of the Mayor. Letter books, 1811-1920. New Orleans public library
referencedIn Slidell, John, 1793-1871. John Slidell letters and miscellany, 1844-1861. Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1858 Aug. 31 and Sept. 7. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Collection of Judah P. Benjamin, undated, 1838, 1854-1884, 1893, 1925, 1930, 1942, 1948, 1854-1884 American Jewish Historical Society
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1850 Aug. 17. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Rosser, Thomas Lafayette, 1836-1910. Papers of Thomas L. Rosser and the Rosser, Gordon and Winston families [manuscript], 1860-1950. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, Judah Philip, 1811-1884. Autograph letter signed : Washington, to Mr. Wash, 1856 Apr. 22. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1859 and undated. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah P. Benjamin papers, 1811-1956 (bulk 1857-1956). Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
referencedIn Study paper for the Gamble Plantation slide project / by Questers Caloosa Chapter #729, Sun City Center, Florida. Manatee County Public Library System
creatorOf Curry, J. L. M. (Jabez Lamar Monroe), 1825-1903. Pamphlet collection, 1788-1902. Alabama Department of Archives and History
referencedIn Neuman, Louis Edward. Sketch of the picket line of the 175 Reg. NYV / by L.E. Neuman. Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
creatorOf Harris, Joseph. ALS, 1862 January 30 : Summerville, to Jefferson Davis. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
creatorOf Ware, J. W. Papers relating to his service in the 34th Virginia Volunteers during the Civil War [manuscript] 1832 (1861-64) 1880. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Jennings, N. R. Papers, 1830-1863. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
referencedIn Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Letter from London to Augustus Winson Bradford [manuscript] 21 Feb. 1866. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Hines, Thomas Henry, 1838-1898. Thomas Henry Hines papers, 1786-1954, 1860-1889 (bulk dates). University of Kentucky Libraries
referencedIn Marshall, Humphrey, 1812-1872. Humphrey Marshall : miscellaneous papers, 1835-1863. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933. [Miscellaneous speeches by prominent men / collected by J.N. Gregory]. Angelo State University Library, Porter Henderson Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1857 May 21. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn Yandell family. Yandell family added papers, 1837-1919. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Waddell, James Fleming, b.1826. Papers, 1861-1888. Alabama Department of Archives and History
referencedIn Florida. Division of Archives, History, and Records Management. Gamble family history : Gamble Mansion project paper prepared for Division of Recreation and Parks. Manatee County Public Library System
creatorOf Burwell, William M. (William MacCreary), 1809-1888. Papers of William M. Burwell [manuscript], 1734-1893. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah P. Benjamin papers [electronic resource], 1838-1948 1854-1884. Université d’Ottawa, University of Ottawa
referencedIn Taylor, Richard, 1826-1879. Letter, 1850 Aug. 31. The Filson Historical Society
referencedIn Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts Civil War collection, 1724-1933 (inclusive); 1861-1912 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Judah P. Benjamin letters and miscellany, 1856, 1858, 1859, undated New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Branch, Lawrence O'Bryan, 1820-1862. Papers of Lawrence O'Bryan Branch [manuscript], 1840-1913. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin letter of condolence, 1862 Nov. 3. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. J.P. Benjamin papers, 1827-1871. Library of Congress
referencedIn Paul, Alfred. Letter books, 1860-1870. New-York Historical Society
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1862 Mar. 7. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn Lewis Cass papers (1774-1924) William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Confederate officers photograph album, n.d. Alabama Department of Archives and History
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin biographical sketch and letter, 1863 Aug. 17. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
referencedIn Ellison Photo Service (Austin, Tex.). Judah P. Benjamin home photographs, 1937. Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
creatorOf McAllister, John A. (John Allister), 1822-1896,. Civil War Manuscripts, 1854-1868. Porterville Public Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1853-1878. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Prevost, Pierre. Prevost family papers, 1786-1814, 1843-1845. Louisiana State University, LSU Libraries
referencedIn Hawkins, James P. Papers, 1862-1865. Navarro College
referencedIn Bannon, John B., 1829-1913. John B. Bannon papers, 1863-1927. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
creatorOf Huger, Benjamin, 1805-1877. Papers of Benjamin Huger [manuscript], 1780-1877 (bulk 1821-1877). University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Thompson, Jacob. [Letter] 1865 January 8, Toronto, C.W. [to] J.P. Benjamin, [Richmond, Va.]. U.S. Army Heritage & Education Center
referencedIn J. M. Mason Papers, 1838-1870, (bulk 1862-1865) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Frederick M. Dearborn collection of military and political Americana, Part II: The Civil War and the Confederacy, 1832-1915. Houghton Library
creatorOf Meade, Robert Douthat, 1903-1974. Papers : about Judah P. Benjamin 1930-1970. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin correspondence, 1862 Feb. 2. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Alabama. Governor (1857-1861 : A.B. Moore). Military correspondence, 1860-1861. Alabama Department of Archives and History
creatorOf Palmer, William Pendleton, 1861-1927,. Civil War miscellany, 1832-1910, bulk 1860-1866. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
creatorOf Bragg, Braxton, 1817-1876. Braxton Bragg papers, 1833-1879 [microform]. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Judah Philip Benjamin letter of introduction, 1852 Oct. 10. The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Letters of Judah Philip Benjamin, London, to James Murray Mason, Canada and Virginia [manuscript] 1866-71. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Diary of Judah Philip Benjamin, Feb. 22, 1862-Apr. 16, 1865. Yale University, Law School Library
creatorOf Benjamin, J. P. (Judah Philip), 1811-1884. Diary of Judah Philip Benjamin, Feb. 22, 1862-Apr. 16, 1865. Yale University, Law School Library
creatorOf Maupin, S. (Socrates), 1808-1871. Papers of Socrates Maupin, 1790-1921 (bulk 1831-1851). University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn New Orleans (La.). Office of the Mayor. Letter books [microform], 1811-1920. Hamilton College, Daniel Burke Library
referencedIn Gibbes, Robert W. (Robert Wilson), 1809-1866. Robert W. Gibbes papers, 1803 - 1931; bulk, (1803-1873). University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Barlow, Samuel L. M. (Samuel Latham Mitchill), 1826-1889. Papers of Samuel L. M. Barlow, 1776-1905 (bulk 1885-1889). Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
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correspondedWith Jamin, Louis person
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correspondedWith Milton, John, 1807-1865. person
associatedWith Neuman, Louis Edward. person
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correspondedWith North, Simeon, 1802-1884 person
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Place Name Admin Code Country
Saint Croix 010 VI
Fayetteville NC US
Richmond VA US
Paris A8 FR
Charleston SC US
New Orleans LA US
London ENG GB
New Haven CT US
Subject
Booksellers and bookselling
Publishers and publishing
Slavery
United States
African Americans
African Americans
American Confederate voluntary exiles
Amory, Nathaniel C
Benjamin, Judah Philip
Boundaries, State
Business enterprises
Confederate States of America
Cotton trade
Decedents' estates
Dinners and dining
Diplomatic and consular service, American
Directors of corporations
Free African Americans
Jewish lawyers
Jewish statesmen
Jews
Jews, Southern States
Lancers
Law
Lawyers
Lawyers
Lawyers
Legislators
Mexico. Treaties, etc. United States, 1853 Dec. 30
Military service, Voluntary
Money
Practice of law
Presidents
Presidents
Public speaking
Railroads
Real estate
Senators, U.S. Congress
Slavery in the United States
Slaves
Starr, James Harper
Tehuantepec Railroad Company of New Orleans
Young men
Occupation
Teachers
Cabinet officers
Jewish legislators
Lawyers
Lawyers
Lawyers
Lawyers
Newspaper employees
Plantation owners
Senators, U.S. Congress
Slaveholders
State Representative
Activity

Person

Birth 1811-08-06

Death 1884-05-06

Male

Britons,

Americans

English,

French

Information

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