Doolittle, James Harold, 1896-1993

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James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American military general and aviation pioneer who received the Medal of Honor for his daring raids on Japan during World War II. He also made early coast-to-coast flights, won many flying races, and helped develop instrument flying.

Born in Alameda, California, Doolittle studied as an undergraduate at University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1922. He also earned a doctorate in aeronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925. In the 1920s, Doolittle served for a while with the Naval Test Board at Mitchel, N.Y., and was a familiar figure in airspeed record attempts in the New York area. He won the Schneider Cup Race - the World's Series of seaplane racing - in 1925, with an average speed of 232 miles per hour in a Curtiss Navy racer equipped with pontoons. This was the fastest a seaplane had ever flown, and Doolittle next year received the Mackay Trophy for this feat. In January 1930, he was adviser for the Army on the building of the Floyd Bennett Airport in New York City. Doolittle resigned his regular commission Feb. 15, 1930 and was commissioned a major in the Specialist Reserve Corps a month later, being named manager of the Aviation Department of the Shell Oil Company, in which capacity he conducted numerous aviation tests.

Doolittle was a flying instructor during World War I and a reserve officer in the United States Army Air Corps, but he was recalled to active duty during World War II. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for personal valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid, a bold long-range retaliatory air raid on some of the Japanese main islands on April 18, 1942, four months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The daring one-way mission April 18, 1942 electrified the world and gave America's war hopes a terrific lift. As did the others who participated in the mission, Doolittle had to bail out, but fortunately landed in a rice paddy in China near Chu Chow. Some of the other flyers lost their lives on the mission.

Doolittle received the Medal of Honor, presented to him by President Roosevelt at the White House, for planning and leading this successful operation. His citation reads: "For conspicuous leadership above and beyond the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Lt. Col. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland." In addition to the nation's top award, Doolittle also received two Distinguished Service Medals, the Silver Star, three Distinguished Flying Crosses, Bronze Star, four Air Medals, and decorations from Great Britain, France, Belgium, Poland, China and Ecuador.

In July 1942, as a brigadier general - he had been advanced two grades the day after the Tokyo attack - Doolittle was assigned to the 8th Air Force and in September became commanding general of the 12th Air Force in North Africa. He was promoted to major general in November and in March 1943 became commanding general of the North African Strategic Air Forces. Doolittle took command of the 15th Air Force in the Mediterranean Theater in November and from January 1944 to September 1945 he commanded the 8th Air Force in Europe and the Pacific, until war's end, as a lieutenant general, the promotion date being March 13, 1944. On May 10, 1946, he reverted to inactive reserve status and returned to Shell Oil as a vice president and later a director.

In March 1951, Doolittle was appointed a special assistant to the Air Force chief of staff, serving as a civilian in scientific matters which led to Air Force ballistic missile and space programs. He retired from Air Force duty Feb. 28, 1959, but continued to serve his country as chairman of the board of Space Technology Laboratories. He also was the first president of the Air Force Association, in 1947, assisting its organization. On April 4, 1985, the U.S. Congress advanced him to full general on the Air Force retired list. In a later ceremony, President Reagan and Senator Goldwater pinned on his four-star insignia, making him the first person in Air Force Reserve history to wear four stars.

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referencedIn Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense. 1921 - 2008. Motion Picture Films and Video Recordings on Five Decades of U.S. Military Activities Around the World. 1950 - 2000. General Jimmy Doolittle Interview National Archives at College Park
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referencedIn David Goldin Collection. 1932 - 1952. Audio Recordings of Radio Broadcasts of Speeches, Interviews, Combat Reports, Special Events, Public Affairs, and Entertainment for U.S. Troops. 1932 - 1952. HOMECOMING OF GENERAL'S PATTON AND DOOLITTLE National Archives at College Park
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Role Title Holding Repository
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Relation Name
associatedWith American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. corporateBody
associatedWith Arnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950. person
associatedWith Barker, James M., 1886-1974. person
associatedWith Barnes, Joseph, 1907-1970. person
associatedWith Benham, F. Darius, 1896-1960. person
associatedWith Bower, William, 1917- person
associatedWith Burch, Lt. Colonel, person
associatedWith Clarkson University. corporateBody
associatedWith Cole, Robert E., 1915- person
associatedWith Collins, Whit, person
associatedWith Collins, Whit, collector. person
associatedWith Cooper, William E. person
associatedWith Cradle of Aviation Museum (Garden City, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith Cram, Ralph W., 1869-1952. person
associatedWith Crawford, Frederick C., 1891- person
associatedWith Custer, Levitt Luzern, 1888- person
associatedWith Eaker, Ira, 1896-1987. person
associatedWith Fogelman, Major, person
associatedWith Gallagher, Robert S., person
associatedWith Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998. person
associatedWith Gregory, Elizabeth Hiatt, b. 1872- person
correspondedWith Guggenheim, Harry Frank, 1890-1971. person
associatedWith Jaynes, Jack B., 1897-1986. person
associatedWith Johnson, Gerald W. (Gerald Woodrow) person
correspondedWith Johnson, Gerald W. (Gerald Woodrow) person
associatedWith Jones, Mariel Theresa, circa 1905- person
associatedWith Kestner, Ima A. Mrs. person
associatedWith King, Ernest Joseph, 1878-1956. person
associatedWith Knobloch, Richard A., 1918-2001. person
associatedWith Kurzrok, Milton. person
associatedWith Larkin, George Elmer, 1918-1942. person
associatedWith Leish, Kenneth W., person
associatedWith Lindbergh, Charles A. (Charles Augustus), 1902-1974. person
associatedWith Mead, James M. (James Michael), b. 1885. person
associatedWith Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metropolitan Airports Commission. corporateBody
associatedWith Mitchell, William, 1879-1936. person
associatedWith Monterey Public Library. California History Room. corporateBody
correspondedWith Mueller, G. E. (George Edwin), 1918- person
associatedWith New York Times Company corporateBody
correspondedWith Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945. person
associatedWith Shell Oil Corporation. corporateBody
associatedWith Smithers, W. D. person
associatedWith Smithers, W. D. (Wilfred Dudley), 1895-1981. person
associatedWith Smith, James E. person
associatedWith Tate, Captain, person
associatedWith Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972 person
associatedWith Truman, Martha Ellen, 1852-1947 person
associatedWith Truman, Mary Jane, 1889-1978 person
memberOf United States. Army Air Forces. corporateBody
associatedWith Veltman, Ronald H. person
associatedWith Walsh, John J. (John Joseph), 1916-2009 person
associatedWith Williams, James Lawrence Basil. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Alameda County CA US
Pebble Beach CA US
Subject
Bombing, Aerial
Aeronautics
Aeronautics
Aeronautics
Aeronautics
Aeronautics, Military
Aerospace
Air pilots
Air pilots
Air pilots
Airplane racing
Airplanes
Airplanes
Aviation
Doolittle, James Harold, 18961993
Generals
Instrument flying
Mitchell (Bomber)
Postal service
Tokyo (Japan) History Bombardment, 1942
United States. Army Air Forces
Veterans
World War, 1939-1945
World War, 1939-1945
World War, 1939-1945
Occupation
Air pilots, Military
Army officers
Generals
Activity

Person

Birth 1896-12-14

Death 1993-09-27

Male

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6v123j3

SNAC ID: 25216046