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Comparative Analysis of the Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Red Alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui Provides Insights into the Evolution of Rhodoplasts and Their Relationship to Other Plastids

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Abstract

We sequenced to completion the circular plastid genome of the red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui. This is the first plastid genome sequence from the subclass Florideophycidae (Rhodophyta). The genome is composed of 183,883 bp and contains 238 predicted genes, including a single copy of the ribosomal RNA operon. Comparisons with the plastid genome of Porphyra pupurea reveal strong conservation of gene content and order, but we found major genomic rearrangements and the presence of coding regions that are specific to Gracilaria. Phylogenetic analysis of a data set of 41 concatenated proteins from 23 plastid and two cyanobacterial genomes support red algal plastid monophyly and a specific evolutionary relationship between the Florideophycidae and the Bangiales. Gracilaria maintains a surprisingly ancient gene content in its plastid genome and, together with other Rhodophyta, contains the most complete repertoire of plastid genes known in photosynthetic eukaryotes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FAPESP and CNPq. D.B. was supported by a grant from the (U.S.) National Science Foundation (DEB 01-0774). J.C.H thanks the U.S. Fulbright Program, the Brazilian Fulbright Commission, and the Organization of American States for fellowships.

Author information

Author notes

  1. João P. Kitajima

    Present address: Alellyx Applied Genomics, Via Anhangüera km 104 (TechnoPark), R. James Clerk Maxwell 320, Campinas, SP, 13067-850, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil

    Jonathan C. Hagopian & Mariana C. de Oliveira

  2. Laboratório de Bioinformática, Instituto de Computação, UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 1251, Box 6176, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Marcelo Reis & João P. Kitajima

  3. Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, 210 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Debashish Bhattacharya

Authors
  1. Jonathan C. Hagopian
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  2. Marcelo Reis
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  3. João P. Kitajima
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  4. Debashish Bhattacharya
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  5. Mariana C. de Oliveira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariana C. de Oliveira.

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[Reviewing Editor: Dr. W. Ford Doolittle]

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Hagopian, J.C., Reis, M., Kitajima, J.P. et al. Comparative Analysis of the Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Red Alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui Provides Insights into the Evolution of Rhodoplasts and Their Relationship to Other Plastids. J Mol Evol 59, 464–477 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-004-2638-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-004-2638-3

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