Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid‐high latitude thermospheric ∑o/n2 responses to the Space‐X storm

Cai, Xuguang; Wang, Wenbin; Lin, Dong; Eastes, Richard W.; Qian, Liying; Zhu, Qingyu; Correira, J.; McClintock, William E.; Gan, Quan; Aryal, Saurav; Laskar, F. I.; Karan, D. K.

doi:10.1029/2022JA031002

Cai, X., Wang, W., Lin, D., Eastes, R. W., Qian, L., Zhu, Q., … Karan, D. K. (2023). Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid‐high latitude thermospheric ∑o/n2 responses to the Space‐X storm. Journal Of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA031002. doi:10.1029/2022JA031002

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Abstract

The geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2022 caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites of Space-X. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Multi-Scale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model simulations are utilized to investigate the thermospheric composition... Show moreThe geomagnetic storm on February 3, 2022 caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites of Space-X. The Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Multi-Scale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model simulations are utilized to investigate the thermospheric composition responses to the Space-X storm. The percentage difference of the GOLD observed thermospheric O and N-2 column density ratio (n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2) between the storm time (February 3, Day-of-Year [DOY] 34) and quiet time (DOY 32) shows a depletion region in the local noon sector mid-high latitudes in the southern hemisphere, which corresponds to the east side of GOLD field-of-view (FOV). This is different from the classic theory of thermospheric composition disturbance during geomagnetic storms, under which the n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion is usually generated at local midnight and high latitudes, and thus, appear on the west side of GOLD FOV. MAGE simulations reproduce the observations qualitatively and indicate that the n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion is formed due to strong upwelling in the local morning caused by strong Joule heating. Interestingly, enhanced equatorward winds appear near local midnight, but also in the local morning sector, which transports n-ary sumation sigma O/N-2 depletion equatorward. The depletion corotates toward the local afternoon and is observed in the GOLD FOV. The equatorward winds in the local morning are due to the ion-neutral coupling under the conditions of a dominant positive interplanetary magnetic field east-west component (B-y) during the storm. Show less

Published Version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031002

Details

Author(s)

Xuguang Cai

Wenbin Wang-NCAR/UCAR

Dong Lin-NCAR/UCAR

Richard W. Eastes

Liying Qian-NCAR/UCAR

Qingyu Zhu-NCAR/UCAR

J. Correira

William E. McClintock

Quan Gan

Saurav Aryal

F. I. Laskar

D. K. Karan

Title

Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid‐high latitude thermospheric ∑o/n2 responses to the Space‐X storm

Publication Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Date

2023-03-10

Volume

128

Issue

Article Number

e2022JA031002

Resource Type

article

Peer Review

Refereed

Copyright Information

Publisher's Version of Record

http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031002

OpenSky Citable URL

http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d74j0k2t

Funding Info

NSF-GEO-AGS/Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences #1852977 - Management and Operation of National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2018-2023, and Supporting Activities

NSF-GEO-AGS/Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences #2033843 - Collaborative Research: CEDAR: Three-dimensional Large Electron Density Gradients at Mid-Latitudes from a TEC-based Ionospheric Data Assimilation system (TIDAS)

University of Colorado Boulder #80GSFC18C0061 - Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Phase D-E

NASA/National Aeronautics and Space Administration #80NSSC17K0013 - The Dynamics and Effects of the Subauroral Polarization Streams

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC18K0648 - How long is the equinox transition?

Boston University #80NSSC19K0080 - Conductance Effects on Global Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Evolution during Storms and Superstorms

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC19K0278 - Seasonal Variability of the Residual Circulations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

NASA/National Aeronautics and Space Administration #80NSSC19K0835 - The Thermal and Dynamic Effects of Geomagnetic Storms in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) Region

NASA-GSFC/Goddard Space Flight Center #80NSSC20K0018 - HSO Connect and Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC20K0189 - Variability of global electric field and its impact on the longitudinal structure of the ionosphere

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC20K0199 - Investigating Penetrating Electric Field Effect on the Vertical Ion Drift

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC20K0356 - Dynamic and Coupling Processes in the Mid-Latitude and Equatorial Thermosphere and Ionosphere during Geomagnetic Storms

Johns Hopkins University - Applied Physics Lab #80NSSC20K0601 - Center for Geospace Storms (CGS)

NASA/National Aeronautics and Space Administration #80NSSC20K1350 - On the Latitudinal and Vertical Structures of the Annual and Semiannual Variations in Thermospheric Composition

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #80NSSC21K0008 - Impact of Thermospheric Asymmetry On Geospace Coupling

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University #80NSSC21K1677 - Energy Budget of ULF Waves in the Solar Wind - Magnetosphere - Ionosphere System

NASA-GSFC/Goddard Space Flight Center #NNX16AH06G - Impact of Carbon Dioxide Trends and the Solar Cycle on Thermosphere-Ionosphere Climate

NASA-HQ/Headquarters #NNX17AI42G - The effect of the By component of the interplanetary magnetic field on the thermosphere

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Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid‐high latitude thermospheric ∑o/n2 responses to the Space‐X storm

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