Abstract

The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) is a community model developed and maintained at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It also can be run at the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), and is a component of the Coupled Magn... Show moreThe Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) is a community model developed and maintained at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It also can be run at the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), and is a component of the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (CMIT). This paper describes the TIE-GCM development history, model elements, model input and output, the equations solved, boundary conditions, and numerical techniques. Some model validation examples are shown, and future improvements and developments are discussed. Show less