"我は何をなすべきか Ware wa nani o nasubeki ka" (What we are supposed to do)
Information
Date - 1944 October 15
Summary - The kamishibai urges Japanese to prepare themselves for an all-front war in Japan’s home ground. Every citizen is part of the home front effort to win the war, whether they are coal miners, factory workers, or farmers. If one person slacks, it would cost the battle. To win the war, the Japanese should stand united, endure the hardship, and magnify the productivity.
Creator/Contributor -
- Producer
- Nihon Kyōiku Kamishibai Kyōkai
- Artist
- Koyano, Hanji, 1907-1992
- Author
- Nōtomi, Yasuyuki, 1903-
Transcription -
Card 20
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Card 18
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Card 19
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Translation of transcription -
Card 20
Supervised by the Press Dept., Japanese Imperial Navy, Imperial Headquarters
Script: Yasuyuki NÃ…Âtomi; Illustration: Hanji Koyano; Production: Nihon KyÃ…Âiku Kamishibai KyÃ…Âkai (The Association of Japanese Educational Kamishibai)
What We are Supposed to Do
Following a lecture by the General Manager of the Press, the Imperial Headquarters, Navy colonel EizÃ…Â Kurihara
(Explanations of the cover)
(Explain the following, standing next to the stage).
NARRATOR
This kamishibai follows a lecture by the General Manager of the Press, the Imperial Headquarters, Navy Colonel EizÃ…Â Kurihara, and explains what we are supposed to do.
(Open the curtain)
(Enunciate the title)
NARRATOR (continued)
Our country is facing unprecedented difficulties. Our enemy America’s tremendous task force attacked us on the Marshall Islands in the South Sea. Our defense unit in Kwajalein and the Roi Islands fought a fierce battle of human bullets and caused significant damage to the enemies. However, all 4,500 officers and men died in the campaign, dyeing the lonely island in the distant seas with their blood.
Taking advantage of the momentum, the enemies built an airbase there.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
They are aiming to air raid our mainland.
Card 1
NARRATOR (continued)
The B29 can air raid our mainland in eight hours from Kwajalein at a speed supposedly exceeding 600km/h. The time it takes is equal to a train ride between Tokyo and Nagoya.
Don’t be fooled, thinking that the battlefield is 5,000 km away beyond the seas. Our mainland is within the battlefield.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 2
WOMAN 1
I hear the air raids are sure to come. Are you going to evacuate from town?
WOMAN 2
Well you know… we’ll be fine as long as our soldiers protect us.
WOMAN 1
But just in case. Our neighborhood group will be blown away if the enemies drop a 100-kg bomb.
WOMAN 2
Women alone cannot put out the fire if that happens.
NARRATOR
Enemies are extending their evil arms right behind us with an ideological plot. We don’t lose the war when the enemies attack us from the air or take away our land. When we give up, that’s when we will lose.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
On the other hand,
Card 3
MAN
The Great Empire of Japan is a land of the gods. When we need it, a divine wind will blow. Remember the time of the Mongol invasions,
NARRATOR (continued)
Some people say calmly. Indeed, our divine land is immortal. However, taking the war lightly is a superstition of victory, instead of a conviction of victory. The divine wind blew during the Mongol invasions because every Japanese citizen, whether they were samurai, peasants, men, or women, united and attacked the enemies. As long as we clearly recognize what we are supposed to do, we will not be flustered by every piece of battle news.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
The Greater East Asian War is a decisive battle to determine who will be destroyed and who will prosper; the Yamato race or the Anglo-Saxons.
Card 4
NARRATOR (continued)
If we make a small mistake, we will be pushed down into the bottom of a deep valley and won’t be able to climb out of it. Don’t be fooled by enemy propaganda that says, “If Japan surrenders now, we will leave the mainland alone.â€Â
Victory! Or slavery!
There is only one way.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
Don’t forget the Japanese massacre in Davao.
Card 5
NARRATOR (continued)
American guards pulled out the incarcerated Japanese and showered them with machine gun fire as soon as the news of the Japanese army’s arrival spread. They cruelly stabbed, kicked, and punched them as they fell. We are now fighting with American beasts.
They are shouting, “Kill the Japs!â€Â
How could we let them walk all over our glorious country of three thousand years with their muddy shoes?
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
Now we, one billion Greater East Asian citizens, should unite,
Card 6
NARRATOR (continued)
Survival and prosperity in not only Japan but also the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere is not possible unless we kick out the hateful American and British enemies from the earth. We are awed to hear the imperial rescript about the war. We have been told the Empire has no choice but to rise and destroy all hindrances toward survival and self-defense. The battle is necessary and significantly challenging. Simultaneously, the Greater East Asian War is a holy war of justice to liberate one billion Greater East Asian citizens from the evil invasive American and British hands.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
How does the Greater East Asian War differ from those in the past?
Card 7
NARRATOR (continued)
Both Japan and the enemies mobilized their scientists and put their hearts and blood into devising new weapons. The British victory in WWI owes a lot to their invention of tanks. Japanese success in the Russo-Japanese War significantly depended on our invention of Shimose gunpowder. When we realize this, we should understand how important the inventions of new weapons are to our fate in the war.
(As you pull the slide)
As the campaign increasingly becomes a scientific war,
Card 8
NARRATOR (continued)
Steel consumption grows dramatically. The bullets that French artilleries shot during WWI outnumbered by one hundred eighty times those during the Prussian War. But Americans shot five tons of bullets and bombs at us on the Marshall Islandsâ€â€two thousand times more. To this volume of steel we must respond with steel.
(As you pull the slide)
The good news is that Japan occupied the Southern territories, which have essential resources, in the early campaigns.
Card 9
NARRATOR (continued)
What would we do if these areas were in the enemies’ hands? It’s a dreadful thought. Japan does not produce oil. We don’t have steel, bauxite, rubber, or tin. However, we are alright now. If we develop the southern region as planned, Japanese economic power will grow limitlessly. If we win the war, we’ll have access to an inexhaustible amount of steel, coal, sugar, and rice.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
A vast sea lies between the southern region and our mainland.
Card 10
NARRATOR (continued)
A bang!
Dot, dot, dot!
As soon as enemy planes see our transport convoy, they attack them like eagles.
We have to bulldoze through this danger and carry essential resources from the South to produce planes and bullets in Japan and transport them to the front line.
Ships! Ships!
We can proudly say that our ships carry Japan’s destiny.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
However, no matter how much essential resources we transport,
Card 11
NARRATOR (continued)
We cannot win the war if we fall short of industrial warriors. We can say that the Greater East Asian War is a battle between Japanese and American industrial warriors.
Enemy Americans boasted enormous production capacities of ten thousand planes a month. Even sixty percent of American women pick up hammers and move engine lathes. How could Japanese women fall behind?
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
However, more than a few people mistakenly think that only plane factory workers produce planes.
Card 12
NARRATOR (continued)
Coal miners, or pickaxe warriors, also produce airplanes. To produce the one ton of aluminum required for airplane production, they need to mine four tons of coal.
Likewise, farmers who cultivate rice and vegetables for the pickaxe warriors to eat, and locomotive conductors and sailors who transport the rice and vegetables ultimately produce airplanes.
When every Japanese citizen works with their full power for the nation, we can increase our production capabilities by 120%, 150%, or even 200%.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
We should rise to fight a total war.
Card 13
NARRATOR (continued)
Soldiers at the front line are like arms that hold swords, and the home front workers are like the bodies.
Even Musashi Miyamoto, a kendo master, would not defeat the enemies if he could not coordinate the arms and body.
“One more plane!†“One bullet more!â€Â
If the arms demand from the body like this, they would have no way to win the total war.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 14
NARRATOR (continued)
What would happen to Japan if we had one capitalist who would not mine coal for the total war because they expect the prices to increase after the war?
What would happen to Japan if a farmer fails to deliver rice [to the government] because he thinks he will make more money in the black market?
What would happen to Japan if an industrial warrior takes holidays after earning one month’s living expenses?
At this moment on the front lines,
(Pull the slide quickly).
Card 15
NARRATOR (continued)
Soldiers die shouting, "Long live the emperor!"
(A pause)
Why wouldn't the Japanese, who could die honorably on the front lines, grind their bodies to dust on the home front?
(Pull the slide).
Card 16
NARRATOR (continued)
Oof! Oof! We become united and cooperate to pull the rope together.
Japan will lose if we have a single person who pulls the rope in the opposite direction.
Oof! Oof!
We are almost there.
Sweat falls from everybody’s forehead.
However, we have a hard time pulling the rope.
No wonder.
(Pull the slide quickly.)
Card 17
NARRATOR (continued)
The enemies are also working hard. Not a soul is taking a rest. Everybody is working desperately.
We are almost there.
When we are suffering, the battle is even.
Dammit! We won’t be defeated.
Whoever tries until the last moment will win.
(Pull the slide quickly.)
Card 18
NARRATOR (continued)
I repeat.
Our house has already caught fire. How could we leisurely watch it with our arms crossed?
If we don’t put out the fire immediately, Japan will be burnt to ashes.
How could we keep our honor for our ancestors and offspring?
(As you pull the slide)
Japan is already a battleship ready to deploy all its citizens.
Card 19
NARRATOR (continued)
War! War!
Abandon all but the war.
The battleship Japan could destroy the enemy fleet with an intense force if we endure the hardship, become determined to sacrifice our life, be convinced of victory, and show our full and united power.
A marching trumpet is reverberating. Not tomorrow, now is the time!
Let’s work hard together!
(The end).
Scope and contents - Nōtomi Yasuyuki 納富 康之 (author); Koyano Hanji 小谷野 半二 (artist); Nihon Kyōiku Kamishibai Kyōkai 日本敎育紙芝居協會 (producer); Nihon Kyōiku Gageki Kabushiki Kaisha 日本教育画劇株式会社 (publisher). 大本營海軍報道部監修 Supervised by the Press Dept., Japanese Imperial Navy, Imperial Headquarters.
Language - Japanese
Script - Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)
Genre/form - Kamishibai plays
Collection information -
Collection title - Kamishibai collection
Collection ID - 2018C32.12417284
Collection abstract - Japanese illustrated paper play sheets, intended primarily for children and women at the homefront and dealing with World War II propaganda themes.
Rights - No known restrictions.
Holding repository - Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Preferred citation - "我は何をなすべきか Ware wa nani o nasubeki ka" (What we are supposed to do), Kamishibai collection, Hoover Institution Library & Archives, https://n2t.net/ark:/54723/h3fp4v
Identifiers -
Record ID - 2018C32.00019
Permalink - https://n2t.net/ark:/54723/h3fp4v
RefID - ba37d660653cda2613d8964b204cb51e
EZID - ark:/54723/h3fp4v
Digitization information -
Imaging system - iXG 100MP, Phase One
Capture date - 2020-11-11T15:59:54-08:00