"敵国降伏 Tekikoku kōfuku" (Enemy surrendered)
Information
Date - 1944 August 31
Summary - The Enemy Surrendered retells the historical narrative of the second Mongol invasion in Japan in 1281. The origin story of kamikaze, the divine wind, was born when storms expelled the Mongols from Japan in 1274 and 1281. The paper play highlights samurai’s valor. The moral of the story is the importance of national unity in the face of fighting with adversaries and devotion to the imperial family.
Creator/Contributor -
- Producer
- Nihon Kyōiku Kamishibai Kyōkai
- Artist
- Torii, Kiyonobu, 1900-1976
- Editor
- Suzuki, Keizan
Transcription -
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Translation of transcription -
Card 20
Enemy surrendered
Original screenplay: NaorÃ…Â Adachi; Artist: Kiyonobu Torii; Editor: Keizan Suzuki; Production: Nihon KyÃ…Âiku Kamishibai KyÃ…Âkai (The Association of Japanese Educational Kamishibai)
(Explanation of the cover)
Piercing through the quiet morning of the Kamakura mountain, the galloping sound of a young horse stopped in front of the residence of regent HÃ…ÂjÃ…Â Tokimune.
(Pull the slide quietly.)
Card 1
HACHIRÃ…Å’TA
Open the gates! Open the gates! A fast horse has arrived from the government office! This is Kagesaki HachirÃ…Âta!
HÃ…Å’JÃ…Å’ TOKIMUNE
HachirÃ…Âta, What's this pressing matter?
HACHIRÃ…Å’TA
Sir, a fast horse has arrived from Dazaifu, Kyushu at this moment. You are requested to report to the government office immediately.
HÃ…Å’JÃ…Å’ TOKIMUNE
What? A fast horse arrived from Dazaifu, Kyushu.
Understood. I’ll immediately report.
Request all the members of the State Council to gather at the government office immediately.
But, HachirÃ…Âta, don't show your helter-skelter attitude, or you may be taken for a fool.
HACHIRÃ…Å’TA
Yes, Sir. You're absolutely right.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 2
NARRATOR
The following morning, a second messenger runs like a bird to the government office on the slope to the Gokuraku temple.
About 900 Yuan naval ships attacked our Iki and Tsushima islands and are now approaching Hakata Bay.
This news traveled quickly in July 1281.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 3
SAMURAI
You must not make a fuss or take any actions in haste. Don't spread careless words amongst yourselves even if 100,000 enemies should come to attack us.
CROWD 1
Oh, my God. The Mongols came to attack us again, despite the battle of Bun’ei?
CROWD 2
That's terrible. Are they coming to Kamakura to attack us?
SAMURAI
The battle has already begun. However, we Kamakura men have nothing to fear. Nonetheless, we should not belittle them and take it lightly. We shall be united and overcome this difficulty!
Each of you should go back to your work and render your sincere service.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR
The quickly arriving news about the battle in Kyushu,
Card 4
NARRATOR (continued)
Excited Japanese blood.
Armor, arrows, swordsâ€â€We should diligently prepare for this battle. Let's show the sharpness of the Japanese sword to the world’s so-called invincible enemy and make the strength of the Japanese spirit known to them.
Meanwhile, report after report about the enemy arrived. This was by far the most significant national crisis ever in our history, far exceeding the first Mongol invasion.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 5
NARRATOR (continued)
(A short pause)
Respectable Emperor Emeritus Kameyama was deeply concerned about this disgraceful historical event happening to the country of the Gods. He prayed for the country at the Ise shrine, willing to sacrifice himself for the nation. On top of this, he prayed to the gods and sent messengers to 21 shrines and eight Imperial tumuli to weather the most significant difficulty ever in this Imperial land.
(Pull the slide quietly.)
Card 6
YOSHIMASA
Sir Tokimune, I heard that the number of enemies is approaching a hundred thousand. What if they conquered Dazaifu, Kyushu and disgraced this land of gods?
TOKIMUNE
Sir Yoshimasa, hearing Kameyama Emperor Emeritus’ willingness to sacrifice himself for the country, I am in no place to sit still anymore. My soul goes straight to the battlefield to annihilate the enemy. I swear to destroy the enemy, leading the best soldiers of Kanto, and to turn the enemy into a mound of bodies in the field.
YOSHIMASA
You said it right. Your determination and commitment equal more than thousands, even tens of thousands of forces. I feel relieved.
(Pull the slide quietly.)
Card 7
NARRATOR
The Mongol armies are coming. They're coming from the north.
Despite the defeat of the first invasion, the Mongols are determined to occupy the entirety of Japan. They divided the forces into two, the East and the South. The Eastern troops, 40,000 of them, rampaged through the poorly guarded Ikki island on June 5, 1281. The strong 900-ship fleet brazenly attacked Hakata Bay. However, passing from Matsuragata to the Hakata Bay, our army built a 16-kilometer-long strong stone defense along the coast in Nagato and ambushed the enemy,
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
when the enemy ships arrived!
Card 8
NARRATOR (continued)
Father and son ShÃ…Âni and monk Kakuei, Otomo Sadachika, Kikuchi Takefusa, and others led the soldiers from Kyushu and Shikoku. They bravely shot arrows in the front line and took the wind out of the Mongol’s sails. They would not allow the enemy to land.
When the night arrived,
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
Kusano JirÃ…Â of Karatsu and others
Card 9
NARRATOR (continued)
Each started rowing small boats and ambushed the enemy at night with their skillful tactics. KÃ…Âno Michiari was a brave samurai who promised to launch a campaign himself to conquer the Mongols if they didn’t come to Japan to attack within ten years after the first invasion.
How could they waste their time?
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
He led two junior samurai, rode two small boats, and approached an enemy ship.
Card 10
NARRATOR (continued)
They quickly filled the mast and climbed up to the ship.
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
Men, follow me.
NARRATOR
Seeing this brave behavior, the enemy started running away in dismay.
SOLDIERS
Let's follow the general closely.
NARRATOR
Some shot arrows and jumped in the middle of the counter-attacking enemy.
(Pull the slide.)
Card 11
NARRATOR (continued)
Fortunately, they didn't get hit. They pushed down, decapitated, and stepped on the enemy. Before you knew it, there was a mound of dead bodies.
The old and new Japanese armies alike always fight bravely. Some of the enemy screamed and asked for help, and others jumped into the sea out of fear. Mongol soldiers were attacked and injured. Now the only person KÃ…Âno Michiari aimed at was the enemy general.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
He jumped on the general and grabbed him by the neck.
Card 12
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
I, KÃ…Âno Michiari, captured the enemy general alive. Let us withdraw.
NARRATOR
His junior samurai retreated like a tidal wave and hopped onto their small boats. Our army's morale rose once again.
(As you pull the slide quietly)
NARRATOR (continued)
In this way, our army would not allow the enemy to land on Japanese soil. However, although the enemy withdrew to the naval battle, their weak spot, the fight continued to be a seesaw struggle. Both sides were desperate.
Card 13
NARRATOR (continued)
Enemy surrendered.
Peace returned to Japan.
A drop of water, a pinch of soil, there is nothing that is not owed [to the Emperor Emeritus]. Even when the enemy tried to attack our country, every citizen rose in response to the brave soldiers on the frontlines and their desperate fight. Let's have this belief in our victory deeply engraved in our hearts and consolidate our home front efforts for the war. At towns, villages, mountains, countryside, and seashores, every Japanese citizen prays to heaven and swears to the ground that we will conquer this national challenge and render our service to the [Emperor Emeritus'] benevolence.
(Pull the slide quietly.)
Card 14
TOKIMUNE
Our Japan is a land of gods. Gods created this country. Gods govern this land. Gods protect this noble country. Why should we be scared of enemies even if they number in the hundreds and thousands? Justice resides with us. A victory is present in Japan, a land of gods.
NARRATOR
The stern Tokimune cannot be swayed.
Homefront citizens were reliable, and the brave soldiers on the frontline were even more inspired.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
The battle lasted for two months.
Card 15
NARRATOR (continued)
Newly refreshed enemy troops from Jiang Nan.
One hundred thousand of them and 3500 enemy ships arrived in late July. The eastern unit, which once withdrew, joined this force. Their courage increased a hundred times. This time they were determined to land on Japan and annihilate the Japanese army by shooting stone fire arrows. They proceeded again to Hakata Bay on July 29th.
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
However, a storm started in the evening.
Card 16
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
Michitada, it seems there is a massive storm outside.
NARRATOR
Michiari, looking confidently at his energetic 20-year-old son, said
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
It has already been two months since we started this battle with the Mongols. Let's rid the enemy to the end, however many years it will take. If I die in the war, climb over my dead body, and avenge your father.
MICHITADA
Yes. I will work so as not to disgrace you as your child.
NARRATOR
As the night deepened, the storm outside became increasingly intense.
(Pull the slide quickly.)
Card 17
IMAI KURÃ…Å’
Sir, sir. The enemy… the enemy army…
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
Oh, KurÃ…Â. What’s the matter? Don't worry. Stay in bed quietly. You’re wounded.
KURÃ…Å’
No Sir. I cannot stay in bed. This is but a scratch, I cannot rest in bed. What is this furious sound outside amid the torrential rain?
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
What? What is that?
(As you pull the slide)
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI (continued)
Oh, the massive sound!
Card 18
(A pause)
KÃ…Å’NO MICHIARI
Kamikaze! The divine wind!
NARRATOR
Oh, the divine wind blows.
Every God becomes a cloud, wind, thunder, and rain. They all come together to attack our country's enemy and capsize the enemy ships.
Kamikaze blusters at the gods’ will.
(A pause)
(As you pull the slide)
NARRATOR (continued)
The divine wind blustered all around in the Hakata Bay, and wiped away the evil from this country.
Card 19
NARRATOR (continued)
July 1st, 1281 gloriously started.
(A short pause)
This is the reign of Kameyama Emperor Emeritus, who received the news that the enemy was annihilated.
Peaceful spring came to Japan through ocean waves from all directions.
Under HÃ…ÂjÃ…Â Tokimune’s leadership, every citizen united and achieved this great victory for the sacred [Emperor Emeritus]. End.
Scope and contents - Torii Kiyonobu 鳥居 淸言 (artist); Adachi Naojirō 足立 直郎 (author); Suzuki Keizan 鈴木 景山 (editor); Nihon Kyōiku Kamishibai Kyōkai 日本敎育紙芝居協會 (producer); Nihon Kyōiku Gageki Kabushiki Kaisha日本教育画劇株式会社 (publisher)
Language - Japanese
Script - Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)
Genre/form - Kamishibai plays
Collection information -
Collection title - Kamishibai collection
Collection ID - 2018C32.12417284
Collection abstract - Japanese illustrated paper play sheets, intended primarily for children and women at the homefront and dealing with World War II propaganda themes.
Rights - No known restrictions.
Holding repository - Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Preferred citation - "敵国降伏 Tekikoku kōfuku" (Enemy surrendered), Kamishibai collection, Hoover Institution Library & Archives, https://n2t.net/ark:/54723/h3mc7f
Identifiers -
Record ID - 2018C32.00009
Permalink - https://n2t.net/ark:/54723/h3mc7f
RefID - eccf0a9b1dd7aa0ae113edd122cd2ae4
EZID - ark:/54723/h3mc7f
Digitization information -
Imaging system - IQ180, Phase One
Capture date - 2018-07-09T08:26:58-07:00